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The 1/72 Great War Centenary Diorama: The Assault on Messines Ridge. Options
Plymouth57
#61 Posted : 10 April 2014 20:48:22

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Many thanks again to Stevie, Alan, Jase, Derek and Allen, I've said it before but to receive such praise makes all the brainwork and building so worthwhile, especially when so many seem to find these tutorials and 'do it on the cheap's helpful!Blushing Blushing
Stevie, just out of interest, does your 'proper' Weather-it say anything about sealing the wood afterwards and also, does it smell of vinegar?
Allen, many thanks and I'm glad you're managing to get through all the text! (there's a lot more to come yet!)BigGrin If your father was involved in the Second World War, I'd be very surprised if you didn't have at least one relative in the First. If you know the names of your grand and even great grandparents you could try the National Archives on-line records or the Commonwealth War Graves Commission website. Going deeper usually means paying out but these free sites will at least give you an idea if there is anybody out there!Cool

Right then, two more instalments for the bunker to go (hopefully, and not including the actual fitting into the main diorama!)Blink

Part Sixteen: The German Bunker Part Four.

Nearly there! After heading down the tunnel in last week’s instalment, this week we’re heading up into the rafters, (literally!)
The first job was to line in the doorway. I had originally thought that this would involve two separate and individual door frames, an inner and outer but on close inspection of the new clearer ‘official’ photos it became apparent that this was not the case. What I had taken as two door frames was simply the effect of the middle section having rotted away in parts over the last ninety seven years!
The whole of the doorway was in fact clad in a wooden skin for reasons which will become clearer next week so task number one was to make up the side panels, three on each side as you can see in Photo 1. The two longer planks are for the inner part which drops down to the lower step, hence the longer length, the wood for these pieces is courtesy of DelPrado! These are from some of the many spare decking planks left over from the Victory, some will be needed later to construct the fighting tops but I’ve got a good fourteen or more left yet, so plenty of spares to go around!
You can also see a series of grooves filed into the rear face of the planks, three in the short planks and four in the long pair. These were carefully measured and filed out with the diamond dust triangular and round rat tail files and correspond to the raised ridges on the ‘concrete’ walls to allow the planks to fit flush. In the real bunker, the wood itself would have indented to the shape of the walls as it was screwed/bolted in place but 'scale wood' doesn't have that luxury.
The same six pieces are also featured in Photo 2 but this time after the coat of weathering solution. In case you were wondering, the L and R simply identifies the left and right sides as the ridges are individual to each side!
Photo 3 shows the remaining parts of the frames, the three top planks from the same source and four thinner lengths, cut from the same decking planks for the raised inner ‘jambs’? (I don’t think that’s the right term but it sounds better than Bits!). The long thin section on the right will be cut to size to form the two top, er, 'bits' seen in Photo 5 later! At this point, I’d just like to mention in passing that the photos from here on really do bear an uncanny resemblance to the old film type photos I took over thirty years ago as I built my first Zebra Finch outdoor aviary! Weird!
The uprights were then PVA’d to the foam door way with just a thin bead of glue down the middle to prevent the adhesive ‘squishing’ out as seen in Photo 4. Going back to Photo 5, you can see the full frame in place, giving the doorway an enclosed appearance at last. Also visible in the background is the first part of the top wall and roof frame which was constructed from a length of 2mm square wood strip from CMB (Victory’s loss again!). Photo 6 was taken at the same time as the previous one and shows the same doorway and frame as before. The frame was continued around the top of the concrete wall section and although not obvious due to the camera angles in the following photos, there is a difference of about 2-3mm between the front and back frames giving the eventual roof a slight slope from front to rear. (If you’re fighting off a massed attack during heavy rain, you don’t want rainwater dripping onto your hot machine gun barrel and turning your bunker into a sauna!!)BigGrin The completed main top frame with it’s two central roof supports can be seen in Photo 7. I haven’t yet glued the firestep in place, I might need some extra room in there when it comes to setting up the figures in place later on.
I mentioned earlier about how the machine gun in the two sets of plastic soldier sets (Revell and HaT) were both set too high to be easily mounted in the bunker. I have since found out just how the MG carriage actually works (another little history lesson to follow, and I’m pretty much convinced that this is where Black and Decker got their Workmate idea from!Blink ) and, knowing how it operates has given me an idea for the personnel inside the bunker. What I’m planning on is to adapt the carriage from one of the sets into it’s folded down position and probably have a go at scratch building a brand new MG from aluminium tube and plastic. There will be either three or four infantrymen in the bunker, one of them screaming for assistance down the field telephone and the rest in the act of trying to save the MG from the oncoming Anzac assault. (The lead tank may well end up with it’s 6pdr pointing at the bunker door by way of encouragement!) Anyhow, that’s still to come although the ‘telephone guy’ is currently under way!
The next stage was to clad the upper part of the structure in the wood plank finish. The wood for this is the same Costas Coffee stirrers as used for the floor boards earlier (thanks again to them!) The boards were measured up after each strip had been pre-weathered on both sides, the cut edges at top and bottom don’t matter in this case as they can’t be seen. The front and rear sections were pretty straightforward being simple rectangles which were all cut to size on my trusty Linic Products multi-angle guillotine (and many thanks to the recent thread concerning this handy tool, I hadn’t realised the pad which sits under the blade was removable (though I did wonder why there was sellotape stuck under it!) AND with a spare one sat below it too! Mine was also by now worn into a groove, which sometimes causes the cut to go off the straight with thin strips, it’s now as good as new again! I’ve got an idea for the future to make up a movable depth gauge for this tool, which will allow multiple cuts of the same length much easier. More on this when I figure something out.) Where was I? Oh yes! Front and back were easy to do but the side wall which includes the doorway was a little more involved as both the cut outs for the door frame and the slope of the roof beam had to be included in the shaping of the panels. Not too bad though and the process can be followed in numerical order from Photo 8, the rear wall from the inside, Photo 9, turning the corner onto the side wall and door, Photo 10, the front section from inside and finally Photo 11, the finished front from the exterior.
All that remains to complete the structure of the interior now is to line the inside of the front section, including the firing slit with multiple sandbags which will be scratch built in Milliput epoxy putty (I tried one, NOT as easy as I thought!) and also to make up the actual wooden roof. This will be very basic, just a flat panel slightly bigger than the supporting frame made out of the same wooden planks as the floorboards and cladding. This will itself be covered in a layer of sandbags, possibly some corrugated iron sheets and lots of earth. I’m still in two minds whether to fix the roof permanently and incorporate the later groundwork into and over it, or whether to have it so it can still be removed to display the interior – I’ll think on that one!
There is one other addition which I will be adding, (apart from crates and ammo boxes under the firing step that is) and that is a small wooden shelf with brackets fixed to the rear concrete wall. I mentioned the soldier screaming down the ‘phone, originally I was going to have the field telephone sat up on the top of the concrete rear wall, but now that I’m designing the figure to be holding the telephone handset and scratch building a tiny little telephone set, it looks so cute in it’s mahogany box I’m going to put it lower down the wall to show it off more! Cool Hence the shelf (plus a few more odds and ends on it, don’t know what yet!)
I nearly forgot, there’s an addition to the exterior too! Another bracket by the door with a metal triangle and rod hanging from it with a sign in German (which I’ll have to get checked by our German members in case the Google translator is ‘off’) saying “Gas Alarm – Ring like Hell!” (this is a tribute to the bell outside the RAF building in the Battle of Britain movie).

That’s it for this week then, in Part 17, the sandbags and final roof panel plus a couple of items that explains the design of the door way. Until then thanks again for looking and Happy Building to All!

Robin
Plymouth57 attached the following image(s):
Inside the Bunker Pt 7.JPG
Inside the Bunker Pt 8.JPG
First wooden ship: The Grimsby 12 Gun 'Frigate' by Constructo Second: Bounty DelPrado Part Works Third: HMS Victory DelPrado Part Works 1/100 scale
Diorama of the Battle of the Brandywine from the American Revolutionary War Diorama of the Battle of New Falkland (unfinished sci-fi), Great War Centenary Diorama of the Messines Ridge Assault
Index for the Victory diary is on page 1
Tomick
#62 Posted : 10 April 2014 21:43:43

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I think an 'outstanding build' yellow medal is well deserved here Robin.

Well done ThumpUp
stevie_o
#63 Posted : 10 April 2014 22:03:21

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Gandale
#64 Posted : 10 April 2014 23:42:33

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Hi Robin, if ever a build deserved a yellow it is this one.... simply brilliant and thanks for the tutorials on the cheap, they are greatly appreciated.....Drool Drool

Regards

Alan
Plymouth57
#65 Posted : 18 April 2014 20:42:13

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Many thanks to Alan and Stevie for your kind words and a special thankyou to Mr T for the highest praise of a Yellow Medal!! It is deeply appreciated from you all!Blushing Blushing Blushing

I have an apology to make! Crying
Instead of concentrating on the bits I was supposed to be working on, namely the roof and sandbags to finish off the main parts of the bunker, I got sidetracked into beginning the first of the (I hope) many figures which will one day populate this diorama. As the first figure began to take shape (it's a conversion from two standard figures) the item of equipment he would be using then took over completely and I spent much of last week concentrating on that instead! Blink
Because of taking so long in building that little item I haven’t had the time to complete the sandbag part of the bunker interior. From the beginning of this build and diary I wanted to make the updates a weekly affair to give the build a continuity, so, rather than wait until the sandbags etc had been finished, I’ve decided to post up what I’ve done so far and return to the bunker again later to finalise it.
Another decision I’ve arrived at (again due to that item) is to definitely model the bunker with a removable roof. The 'thing' looks so cute in there it’s a shame to ‘lock it away’ in the shadows! So anyway, here’s the bunker so far!

Part Seventeen: The German Bunker Part Five.

The first addition as I mentioned last week was to construct a simple wooden shelf for a telephone to sit on. This was made from the same Costas stirring stick as the planks together with a short length of square wood strip from CMB. In Photo 1, you can see the basic plank, cut to size, sanded and ‘weathered’ lightly, (all the internal wood is weathered less than the exterior for obvious reasons!) The first two little square strips have been PVA’d in place here. Photo 2 shows the shelf held in a pair of spring tweezers (very useful little tools for small items like this) and also the two vertical backs to the brackets have been stuck in place (eventually that is, trying to get them to remain square in two planes at the same time was infuriating to say the least!) Finally, construction wise, the diagonal struts to complete the brackets can be seen in Photo 3.
In order to fix the shelf in place on the back wall it was necessary to remove the shaft entrance cover, this was surprisingly difficult considering how little PVA I’d used to secure it in place, it really didn’t want to come loose! Eventually however off it came, with no damage to the grey paint on the wall too! The new shelf was then stuck to the wall, just below one of the thread lines in the concrete. This at least was easy, I simply stood the bunker on its back which meant I was effectively sticking the shelf on the floor so no slipping down the wall before the glue dried! BigGrin Once the shelf was dry I then re-glued the hatch cover in it’s new position resting against the bottom of one of the brackets as can be seen in Photo 4.
Now on to the roof! The roof panel was also constructed from the stirring sticks, my last couple of ‘acquisitions’ trips to Tescos have netted the longer type of stirrers (which is fine by me of course!) each stick produced three planks with a total of twelve required as can be seen in Photo 5. These were not cut to the exact millimetre as you will see in the next photos, the bunker builders were only concerned with getting the job done, both well and quickly, not necessarily neatly! The planks were then given their light weathering on the inside face only, most of the outside will be covered with other things so no point weathering that all over. One thing I did spend time on here was inspecting each plank section to determine the ‘best looking’ side, ie, woodgrain etc. As I said, one side will be covered up so we might as well have the best side downwards so to speak. Once selected, the planks were very carefully glued to each other along their lengths, trying to apply the PVA with a cocktail stick to the upper half of their thickness so that the glue didn’t splurge out on the side that would be viewed. Once all twelve planks were together I left them overnight with a heavy bottle resting on top to keep them straight and level.
The following evening I carefully placed the roof panel on the top of the bunker and marked the underside as close as I could get to the fixed roofing beams with a pencil. Using those marks I then glued two thin strips to the underside using super glue gel. Unlike the shelf brackets and the bunker framework, I cut these strips from the same planks as the roof rather than use the CMB material. Photo 6 illustrates the result. The strips are designed to rest against the roof beams to keep the roof in place whilst at the same time, not looking too out of place as you can see in Photo 8. I have to admit here, one of them could have been a little tighter to the beam but I put that down to not getting the tip of the pencil as close to the beam as I thought it was! Trying to get a pencil in there at all whilst holding the model above my head under the skylight was not the easiest of tasks!! I did wonder what that pink light through the doorway was when I transferred the photo from the SD card to the computer, then I realised it was my own palm blocking the door as I held the roof in place! Blink
Going back to Photo 7, this is the top or outer side of the same roof and you can just make out the weathering solution applied to just the outer edge where it might be seen later.
I mentioned a while ago about the electrical wire passing down through the tunnel shaft to the electric lamps in the mines below. The cables were guided along their way by a series of ceramic insulators nailed into the wooden sides with metal spikes through the insulators. The next question was therefore, ‘how do I make them up?’ I had a think about using my smallest aluminium tubing and filing out the grooves on the mini lathe. Guess what, the tubes were just (and I mean just!) too small to be gripped in the lathe jaws! I did experiment with sliding the tube into the next size up which was capable of being gripped tight but as soon as I tried to spin and file, the inner tube just stopped spinning. Which was probably just as well, because I then found a beautifully easy way to make them up! As you can see in Photos 9 and 10, this method was far easier, I simply used a thin brass nail (from the DelPrado kit I think) together with a thin slice of the white insulation from the seven core wire I’m using to make the barbed wire. The thought of using insulation to make insulators is weirdly pleasing somehow! The slice of insulation was pushed onto the point of the nail and slid up until just short of the nail head, thus forming the ‘groove’ in the ceramic original. The nail head and the slice was then painted with Admiralty White (any white would do though) and once dry, the groove was highlighted with a thin wash of Citadel Black ink. Although not shown here, they were then finished off with a black dot in the centre of the head to simulate the iron spike. Simples! (Actually, you can see the black dots! my inkjet was playing up and I couldn't make them out on the printed sheet!Blushing )
Unfortunately, my forward planning had not extended to drilling holes in the back wall wooden frame to take these insulators! Somehow I had to try and get my smallest pin vice drill in there to make those holes. I had a brainwave then. Unscrew the chuck of the drill, hold it inside with the drill bit already in it and then pass the handle in through the firing slit and screw it all back up tight again before beginning to drill the holes. What an idiot! I did all that and was happily screwing the thing back together when I found myself staring at the open end of the bunker. All I had to do was feed the pin vice tail first in through the opening and back out through the slit! There was no need to take the ruddy thing apart at all! Doh!
Anyway! The last two Photos 11 and 12 shows the operation under way. There would need to be two sets of insulators on the back wall, arranged in pairs, this method allowed me to put in the lower holes but not the upper ones. To do those I was forced to drill in from the outside through the wooden cladding. That went well but we’ll return to that in a couple of week’s time.
So that’s almost up to date on the bunker for now. For those of you who love getting as small as you can, you’ll appreciate the next instalment! What takes five hours of cross eyed concentration over four evenings, is made up of eighteen separate parts and measures one quarter by one sixteenth of an inch in size?
A 1/72 German FF-17 Field Telephone of course!

See you next week!BigGrin


Robin
Plymouth57 attached the following image(s):
Inside the Bunker Pt 9 pic.JPG
Inside the Bunker Pt 10 pic.JPG
First wooden ship: The Grimsby 12 Gun 'Frigate' by Constructo Second: Bounty DelPrado Part Works Third: HMS Victory DelPrado Part Works 1/100 scale
Diorama of the Battle of the Brandywine from the American Revolutionary War Diorama of the Battle of New Falkland (unfinished sci-fi), Great War Centenary Diorama of the Messines Ridge Assault
Index for the Victory diary is on page 1
stevie_o
#66 Posted : 18 April 2014 21:04:42

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Gandale
#67 Posted : 18 April 2014 23:50:19

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Hi Robin some brilliant work once more and thoroughly pleasurable to read..... Drool Drool .. As well as a fab build I have to say I think this is probably the best build diary on the forum...... Drool Drool Love Drool Drool .. Definitely looking forward to next weeks publication and of course the first of those figures.....Cool Cool

Regards

Alan
Plymouth57
#68 Posted : 23 April 2014 17:15:38

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Many thanks again to Stevie and Alan and especially for that high praise!Blushing
The very first figure is now finished and I have to admit, I'm pretty chuffed with the way he turned out! I haven't painted a 1/72 polythene figure for nearly two years now (Brandywine Yanks and Redcoats was the last and still loads to do on that one!) and I was hoping what skills I had back then were still with me now! BigGrin This was my first foray into the Vallejo range of acrylics too! I'm very impressed with those paints and I especially like the 'dropper bottle' containers they come in, very little wastage at all. The full story of that figure will be next week's installment, the photo pages are all together and just the text write up to do. It's incredible to realise that on a tiny figure 1" high, I ended up using a grand total of fifteen different paints! All will be revealed next time!
For this installment we'll be modelling the item of equipment which next weeks figure is using. If you have a good set of magnifying glasses, put them on now!!

Oh the moon shines down
On Charlie Chaplin
He’s going balmy
To join the army
But his little baggy trousers
They need a-mending
Before they send him
To the Dardanelles


(That’s verse one, verse two to follow later!)

Part Eighteen:
The German Type FF-17 Field Telephone.


Right from the start when I was putting the design of the bunker together, I had intended to include some kind of communications device, mainly because of the photos I had come across of communications trenches equipped with a multitude of wires and cables slung along them. At that point I had no idea what that device would be or what it would look like. The answer, at least to what it would be, came when I began to purchase the first sets of figures to populate the diorama with (one day!) I had bought the HaT set of WW1 German Heavy Weapons (set number 8110) and amongst the various figures was a Field Telephone Operator. This figure was kneeling at a simple box shaped object with the hand set up to his ear. I could have used this one ‘as is’ on the floor of the bunker and simply fed the telephone cable up the wall and out of the bunker but, as usual, as the bunker took shape and nice little ledges and other nooks and crannies began to appear I got the ‘what if’ bug again! What if I placed the telephone set up on the top ledge and had the receiver dangling off the hook in the panic of the attack? This of course would require scratch-building a telephone set which would have to be a little more detailed than the simple ‘box’ supplied with the kneeling figure.
A little more searching on the web (MS image search was the most useful) eventually brought me to a very comprehensive Russian site called the RKK Radio Museum (www.rkk-museum.ru) where I was able to find the exact type of apparatus that would have been in my ‘hypothetical’ bunker: the German FF-17 Field Telephone. A face on picture of the set can be seen in the First Photo. Many thanks to the people at RKK for giving permission for the photos to be used here!
As you can see from the photo, the set is built into a varnished wooden case with various metal panels on the front and side with (if I could manage it) instruction labels inside the box lid. A generator winding handle sticks out of the right hand side which has to be turned a few times to power up the system. Both sides used very similar telephony apparatus in their trenches, the main problem was the miles of telephone cable leading back to the various HQs which was always being broken by enemy (and sometimes ‘friendly’ shell fire!)
This model telephone was going to be absolutely tiny! I wasn’t sure of the actual dimensions, so I just measured up the ‘box’ from the telephone operator figure, which came out as 6mm long, 3mm wide and 4mm high (about ¼ x 1/8”). The basic design of the case can be seen in the following diagram. There would be a solid inner block of wood, which would be encased in a wood veneer outer skin. This would allow the 3D effect, creating a lip around the top, encompassing the stepped interior. The wood veneer would also be used to create the lid of the box with a further tiny shaped wood block for the handset rest and an even smaller plastic piece for the connector where the handset cable is attached. Finally, I would have to sort out how to make a miniscule winding handle to stick out of the side. I have called the wood I used Sapele, it might possibly have been Mahogany but I think the veneer came from the Grimsby which I’m pretty sure was Sapele!
Photo 1 shows the first block of this wood, cut and sanded to the dimensions shown whilst Photo 2 is the same block after part of it has been filed away with the diamond dust files to produce what will become the ‘hole’ where the handset cable was stored in the real thing. The sides of the ‘hole’ have been stained with the Admiralty Ebony Wood Stain to accentuate the depth once the sides of the box have been added.
The next job now was to line the sides of the wooden block with the hardwood veneer. Rather than cutting the four sides to size as in the diagram, I adopted a slightly different approach. What I did was to use a single ‘strake’ from the pre-punched sheet of veneer planks and cut it to the correct width to form the sides. Then, with a drop of super glue applied to the wooden block, I placed the veneer up against the block and secured it there with a pair of spring tweezers until the glue had set. In Photo 3 I have already glued the first side in place and the tweezers are holding the second one, once the veneer was fixed permanently I could then use the safety razor blade cutter to trim the glued on strip back to the edge of the wooden block ready for the next piece to follow on as in Photo 4.
Photo 5 illustrates the finished task with all four side pieces on, and the ‘hollow box’ effect complete. The finished box was then given a light sanding with my finest wet and dry used dry to give the veneer a good finish for it’s eventual varnishing further down the line. The next little job was to fashion the grey rectangular block which is the connector for the handset flex (see the final Photo). This was filed down from the small plastic quadrant strip which I bought a while ago to make Victory’s side steps supports from. The slightly squashed rectangle was filed down using the very fine diamond dust flat file and a tiny hole drilled into the end using a drill bit too small for me to read what it was! The little piece can be seen in Photo 6, just before it was cut off the main strip.
It was now time to make up the lid of the telephone case. Unfortunately, this is so thin and tiny, I couldn’t use the same wooden block approach as the main body of the case, there was nothing for it but to glue the veneer together piece by piece as it was shown in the diagram. The component parts can be seen in Photo 7 in front of the completed box. (Incidentally, I liked the way that box part turned out so much, I think I’ll knock up some ammo boxes the same way later, I wonder how small I can cut brass wire down to for cartridges!)Blink
To say that trying to glue veneer end on is fiddly would be a big understatement! My super glue is not exactly instant on this veneer and it became a task of simply trying to keep the two pieces together by no more than capillary action whilst at the same time keeping them straight and level. Words were exchanged with both glue and wood at the time I can tell you!!
After the first long side piece was finally in place, I was then able to use a mini bulldog clip to grip the flat ‘board’ and fix the next short side in position. Still very fiddly, but at least now there were two edges to glue on to. With edge number two in place the flat piece was gripped in the very corner of the bulldog (which itself was held in the ‘helping hands gizmo’) and the second short edge was fixed on. With three sides fixed there was now nowhere to grip the flat board left so the final edge was eased on by hand alone with the almost complete lid resting on a piece of glass whilst the edge was offered up with tweezers. The earlier stage is seen in Photo 8. (Glass was used in case the lid accidentally got itself glued to the worktop, it's generally easier to prize a bit of wood off a glass surface than a melamine kitchen worktop!Crying )
Eventually, I had a dinky little hollow lid which was super glued onto the extreme top edge of the box as can be seen in Photos 9 and 10. I took two photos at different angles of this stage to better see the other addition which went in at this point, beside the grey block is a carved wooden piece which in the full sized original supports the arm of the receiver, again the final Photo shows this better.
Photo 11 is basically the same stage except that the entire box has had a coat of satin varnish. Two reasons for this, firstly the original machine comes in a varnished box so it needed a slight sheen to the wood and secondly, as you can see in the first photo of the original, there are various plates and information signs on both the outside of the case and the inside of the lid and I had already come up with a sneaky way to model these! Rather than try to paint these things on, I used that first photograph and cropped out the relevant details before reducing them down to miniscule size with the Corel PrintHouse program. I had intended to print them off as decals onto my inkjet decal sheet but my cheapie Epson printer wouldn’t print them clear enough at that scale onto the slightly glossy decal sheet (or it might be the third party cheaper inks I use in it that won’t co-operate!) Either way, I ended up printing the designs onto plain paper instead. A little experimenting proved what I had hoped would happen, namely, if the printed paper was painted over with spirit based varnish, when it dried the design remained unchanged as did the paper itself. The designs were duly cut out from the sheet as in Photo 12 and the box was given a second coat of varnish. This time however, whilst it was still wet, the designs were picked up on the end of the varnish-dipped paintbrush and carefully placed where they had to go and smoothed down. Once the varnish was dry, a third coat was applied solely over the stuck down panels to bind everything together. Note that I couldn’t get a suitable picture of the panel that the winding handle comes out of but another photo did give me the details of what it looked like so a simple design was drawn up on the PrintHouse and reduced down at the same time as the other panels.
The last part to be made up then was that winding handle. As you can see in Photo 13, it is a simple brass wire arm with a grip on the end of it made up from a tiny sliver of the wiring insulation. To be honest, even this minute arm is slightly oversized but even using my smallest precision long nosed pliers, I simply couldn’t get it any smaller! Before installing the handle into the pre-drilled side panel (when I drew up the design I thoughtfully included a black dot just where the drill had to go!BigGrin ), the arm was painted in Citadel silver and the white insulation grip was painted black.
The final result can be seen in Photo 14, sitting in front of the almost mandatory bright new penny! (No! it’s not a 2p piece, cheek!)BigGrin
I’m pleased with the way this tiny item has turned out. As I mentioned last week, it took about five hours of work spread out over four evenings because bits have to dry before other bits go on etc, etc, AND because my eyes couldn’t take more than an hour at a time!
The final photo shows the original with the hand set out, showing those internal blocks. I’m not sure what those two little grey knobby things are, I did put a couple pinpricks of grey paint in that area but I don’t think you can see them!

Ok then! For the next instalment, the very first of the figures for the diorama, two Germans into one converted telephone operator!Cool

Until then Happy Building to all!


Robin
(You can go back to normal vision glasses now!Cool )
Plymouth57 attached the following image(s):
The FF-17 Field Telephone Pt1 pic.JPG
The Field Telephone Pt2 pic.JPG
The Field Telephone Pt3 pic.JPG
First wooden ship: The Grimsby 12 Gun 'Frigate' by Constructo Second: Bounty DelPrado Part Works Third: HMS Victory DelPrado Part Works 1/100 scale
Diorama of the Battle of the Brandywine from the American Revolutionary War Diorama of the Battle of New Falkland (unfinished sci-fi), Great War Centenary Diorama of the Messines Ridge Assault
Index for the Victory diary is on page 1
stevie_o
#69 Posted : 23 April 2014 17:42:53

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Well Robin, I don't know what to say about the field telephone..yes I do, it's amazingBigGrin - I really don't know where you get your patience from.

Talking of figures, have you looked at the new sets of airfix 1/72 ww1 figures released earlier this year I think?

There are german and Brit figures plus some sets called, the first Assault, Artillery Barrage, Western Front etc..
Steve
alantait
#70 Posted : 23 April 2014 20:27:59

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wow, your skill and patience amazes me, absolutely stunning.
current builds

victory,endeavour,thermoplye,constitution
Gandale
#71 Posted : 23 April 2014 23:23:32

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Remarkable show of patience and skill Robin.... I'm simply speechless on this one..... exceptionally well done...Drool Drool Love Drool Drool . Am getting really impatient now to see the whole thing completed as I'm sure it is going to be amazing....... Look forward to the next instalment.....

Regards

Alan
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#72 Posted : 24 April 2014 09:18:18

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Fantastic attention to detail, the end result is going to be stunning ThumpUp
Plymouth57
#73 Posted : 30 April 2014 17:51:31

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Many thanks to the Alans, Stevie and Mr T! Gratefully received Blushing although I probably spent far too long on that telephone!Blink

And so, without further delay, here comes the chap on the other end of said 'phone!


If the sergeant drinks your rum, never mind
And your face may lose its smile, never mind
He's entitled to a tot but not the bleeding lot
If the sergeant drinks your rum, never mind


Another verse from “Never Mind!”

Part Nineteen:

The Field Telephone Operator.

Well, here we go! The last time I played around with polythene figures was over two years ago with the Battle of the Brandywine diorama. For that (still) on-going model I was casting my own white metal figures from the polythene originals and converting the resultant metal troops. I will also be doing that here later on (once I’ve got some more epoxy mould rubber compound from Hobbys) but for the first of the German troops I’ll be doing a conversion in plastic instead.
As mentioned last week, this figure is going to be the operator for the field telephone in the bunker. The basis for this figure will be two of the German troops from the HaT WW1 German Heavy Weapons Set (#8110), namely, the actual Field Telephone Operator and the Sniper. The figure of the telephone man himself, as you can see in Photo 1, is modelled kneeling on the ground with a very basic ‘box’ beside him for the telephone itself. This pose was not useable for what I needed as the FF-17 set is now sitting higher up on a wooden shelf so the operator needs to be standing. The legs therefore would have to come from a poor unsuspecting donor: the Sniper as seen in Photo 2. The HaT set is composed of four identical sprues of figures so obviously there are four of each pose so ‘Telephone Fritz’ might be making a second appearance later, possibly as a wounded man!
The next two Photos, 3 and 4, are enlargements of the previous two with the addition of a dotted red line showing where each figure is required to be cut to provide the two new halves. The first and most important rule with converting these polythene figures is that you need a really sharp blade to cut through them with. Either a new scalpel blade, or, as in my case; a brand new safety razor blade. Anything less than deadly sharp and the plastic will tend to tear or at the least cut with a furred edge to it and this stuff cannot be filed or sanded smooth. The result of my Frankenstein moment can be seen in Photo 5.
The hardest part of this operation was cutting the straight arm intact on the telephone operator due to the base getting in the way. “Why didn’t you cut the base off?” I can hear you cry, that’s a very good question and the answer is..I dunno! Probably a senior moment rearing its ugly head! Fortunately this polythene plastic is so soft and pliable you can usually simply bend the figure over to get at the parts you want to apply surgery to. Actually, as I’m typing these words and looking at the printed page which you will shortly be seeing below, I’ve had an idea! I’ve just placed the two unused halves of the figures together and they make a pretty good soldier kneeling by an ammunition box! That might be a thought for the future!
Anyway, back to the bits I am using! Once the two figures are cut in half, each one was drilled out with a 0.5mm drill in the exact centre of the torso and a brass pin/nail was pushed up into the upper torso, the pin head snipped off at an angle to produce a second ‘pointy’ end and that point pushed down into the bottom half of the figure to produce a brand new standing pose as in Photo 6. Due to the differing angles of the cuts on the two figures, there was a very small gap at the join as you can see in that photo but this was easily rectified with the smallest of smears of Milliput putty, so small in fact it’s difficult to mix up a small enough batch without wasting the excess. The joint repair is clearly visible in Photo 7, it looks horribly messy here but don’t forget the figure is only one inch tall and it disappears completely under the grey primer coat (thankfully!) Also seen in this photo is the telephone flex or cord, which will eventually be glued into the telephone set. This is the same 0.2mm wire strand as the barbed wire comes from, just two strands wound together just as the barbed wire core is made. Photo 8 shows the rear view, note also the bayonet scabbard which has also been trimmed with the razor blade, removing the excess section joining it to the soldier’s tunic and leg. Most polythene ‘toy’ soldiers have this problem, its just far easier to cast them without ‘undercuts’ but in most cases, it’s fairly easy to improve the appearance with some very careful slicing.
Photo 9 illustrates the new figure from the front after he has had a bath in soapy water and a rinse off under the tap before his first coat of Citadel Base Celestra Grey which I’m using as the primer for all the figures. I forgot to mention the cutting off of the flat base between Photos 5 and 6! This is the time to do this, before applying any paint to the plastic! If you wait until its beautifully painted and then try to remove the base, the legs will always flex and all that painstaking work just flakes off the polythene!Crying
After the base was removed, his left leg (or rather his left foot) was drilled up with the same 0.5mm bit and another brass pin was pushed up to provide the means of support (you can just make it out in Photo 7). With the base coat dry, now the fun starts!Blink
The full process of painting this figure is contained in the following set of photos from number 10 to number 17. I have kept the camera angle the same throughout the sequence so you can see how the layers of paint build up to create the final effect. As well as the comprehensive colour diagram on the back of the Revell WW1 German Infantry box, I have also used various web based sources for the colour scheme. Note, all the Vallejo paints are from the Model Colour range.
Photo 10: This is just a repeat of the previous photo in the grey primer but at the new angle for continuity.
Photo 11: The first splash of colour is applied with the trousers having a coat of Vallejo 70.943 Grey-Blue. This is an equivalent to the Revell 79 Blaugrau (or Blue-grey!) on their box chart.
Photo 12: The tunic follows next with Vallejo 70.886 Green Grey (Revell 67 Grungrau).
Photo 13: The first fiddly bit requiring a good thin brush (Brush Number 1 on the group photo later). This is where the red piping is applied to the uniform using Vallejo 70.908 Carmine Red (Revell 36 Karminrot). I found for very fine detail work the Vallejo responds better with a very slight dilution with water, just dip a slightly larger brush in the water, flick off the excess and mix up the blob of paint from the dropper bottle on the palette to thin it out a little, then use the dampened thin brush to apply. The red ‘edging’ is applied down the front of the tunic, around the edges of the collar, around the edges of the epaulettes (shoulder patches) and a single stripe down the outer sides of the trousers (similar to British regiments full dress). If all went well, (and I think it was pretty much ok here apart from the rear of the collar which was a little too thick in places) then on to the next stage. If you do need to ‘repair’ then wait until the paint is dry and re-paint the base coat of the tunic or trousers up to the thin line to make it thinner still. That’s what I did with the collar! Also added at this time were the Puttees from the ankle to just below the knees which were added in the same Green-grey as the tunic.
Photo 14: Here we add the first layer of shadow in the form of a thinned down Citadel Shadow Black Ink. There will be further additions of this ‘wash’ later on, but personally, I feel that picking out the main areas of shadow now helps in the process of adding further colours and smaller items later on. In this instance, the folds in the tunic and trousers are picked out along with the inner edges of the leather ammo pouches, the edges of the collar and the join line down the front of the tunic, the bottom edge of the tunic where it overhangs the trousers, the folds of the puttees, the epaulettes and especially the sunken area where the telephone receiver is pressed against the mouth were all given repeated applications of the thinned ink with the thinnest of the brushes until it ‘looked right’. There is no really hard and fast rule about how much or how little to use in shadows, if it doesn’t look deep enough add some more, too black, wipe it off quick and try again!
Photo 15: After the first shadows comes the opposite – the first highlights! Again, more will be added later but for now we just add the main ones to the tunic, trousers and puttees. In this case there was no fancy product for the highlighting, just a drop of the tunic and trouser paint with a little drop of Admiralty White added to lighten them up. For this task I used the brush No.6 in the photo below. This was once one of my prized detail brushes, now sadly too worn out for that, but, now probably the best ‘detail highlighter’ that I’ve got! Highlighting is a little more difficult than shadowing for the simple reason that it’s harder to put right if it’s overdone. Whereas the shadow wash can be wiped off, the drybrushed paint often can’t and the only way to rectify it is to let it dry and repaint the base colour again. The important rule here is to apply it little and as often as needed. In this scale, if the brush leaves any paint on the tissue it’s probably still too wet. The highlighting emphasizes the previous shadow work and at the same time tones down the Carmine Red stripes. If you take a look at re-enactors wearing the WW1 German uniforms, you can only just make out the stripes!
Photo 16: This is where the figure really begins to come to life with the painting of the flesh and the first coloured items of equipment. For the skin tones I used the Citadel ‘Elf Flesh’ I did consider using the Admiralty Flesh but decided that that one was too ‘sun tanned’ for here. Although Messines took place in a hot summer, troops on the front line tended to spend most of their time as far underground as possible, not sun bathing! At the same time, the leather ammo pouches were done in Vallejo 70.818 Red Leather. This equipment possibly came in various forms as the Revell box art states either 09 Anthrazit (black) or 89 Beige. The ankle boots were painted with Admiralty Walnut Wood.
Photo 17: Almost there now! BigGrin The last items to be painted were as follows: The steel helmet was painted with a mixture of the Vallejo tunic and trouser paints. The photos here are misleading, in actual life the helmet is a little greyer than it seems here which is strange as all the other colours are pretty accurate for reproduction. Anyway, whilst it’s not actually a bright forest green, it does have a slight satin sheen which is perfect as it shows the difference between the metal and cloth 'greens' really well. Before the telephone handset and cable was finally painted with Citadel Chaos Black, the flesh areas were given a light wash of thinned down Citadel Flesh Wash Ink. My pot of Flesh wash had gone completely dry with just a solid residue down in the bottom, but a few drops of water in the pot left overnight and I had a useable ink back again!
On the rear of the figure, (Photo 18) the gas mask canister was painted with Citadel Bolt Gun Metal (again, going way too thick so a few drops of water added) and the bayonet frog and the haversack were painted in Admiralty Yellow Ochre. The bayonet scabbard was Chaos Black, the handle Admiralty Walnut and the pommel Citadel Shining Gold. (Yes I know, it should be brass, but I ain’t got any!)
Finally, the equipment was given some shadowing with the diluted ink again, including under the helmet rim and around the edges of the bayonet frog and gas mask tin and, once dry, a very light drybrushing of white over the ammo pouches and frog with just a tiniest amount to pick out the two protruding lugs on the helmet. Oh! And the boots had a light drybrush of Admiralty Yellow Ochre too.
And that was it! The very first figure was complete and the final result is shown in the two enlargements Photos 20 and 21.
In Photo 19, you can see the set of brushes used in this exercise, which are as follows:

1: ‘Finest Nylon’ Germany I think it’s a Number 0 but might be a 00 (it’s rubbed off!)
This was used to paint the red piping and to apply the shadowing wash

2: ‘Finest Nylon’ Germany Premier P41 Size Number 1
Used to paint the smaller items of equipment and the flesh areas.

3,4,5: These are all Revell Natural Hair brushes, Size 00 but not as fine as the Nylons.
Used to paint the main areas, tunic, trousers, puttees, boots and helmet.

6: ‘Made in England’ but everything else has worn off or chipped away! Was once a fine tipped detail brush, possibly nylon but I can’t be sure. From the size of it I’d say a 2 or 3?
Used here to drybrush the highlights (bless him).

The final Photo 22 is a family portrait with the little chap surrounded by all the various paints that made him what he is today!
I hope that those of you intending to add crew figures to your various ships will find this particular topic of some use. The procedure for painting period crew figures is exactly the same as that shown here, (apart from being able to slice them up with a razor blade unless you've got the HaT British Marines and Sailors of course!) but as long as you employ good quality paints like the Vallejo and Citadel ranges (or any of the other specially formulated ranges from other manufacturers) and also use good quality brushes, anybody can get good results. Its just the same as the wooden bits, take your time and just do it again if necessary!BigGrin

I’m still proceeding slowly with more of the bunker interior, including the fitting of this figure into his place inside (and what a job that was!), but for next week’s instalment, it’s a short return to the full hull Mk IV tank as I try to ‘Stevie-fie’ the Emhar basic bits into a far better looking tin box!

Until then, Happy Building to you all!Cool

Robin
Plymouth57 attached the following image(s):
Field Telephone Operator Pt 1 pic.JPG
Field Telephone Operator Pt 2 pic.JPG
Field Telephone Operator Pt 3 pic.JPG
Field Telephone Operator Pt 4 pic.JPG
Field Telephone Operator Pt 5 pic.JPG
First wooden ship: The Grimsby 12 Gun 'Frigate' by Constructo Second: Bounty DelPrado Part Works Third: HMS Victory DelPrado Part Works 1/100 scale
Diorama of the Battle of the Brandywine from the American Revolutionary War Diorama of the Battle of New Falkland (unfinished sci-fi), Great War Centenary Diorama of the Messines Ridge Assault
Index for the Victory diary is on page 1
delboy271155
#74 Posted : 30 April 2014 19:31:24

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Hi Robin, BigGrin

Your vision is extreme and your skill unbelievable.

Cool Cool Cool Cool Cool Cool Cool

Top slot for the field telephone figurine. Drool Drool Drool

I can`t get enough of this dio, WTG

Regards
delboy271155
(Derek)
COME BACK GUY FAWKES "YOUR COUNTRY NEEDS YOU"






Martyn Ingram
#75 Posted : 30 April 2014 19:34:30

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BigGrin Wow simply stunning well done M8 Love Rgd Martyn
Building ?
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Next Build ?
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stevie_o
#76 Posted : 30 April 2014 19:45:00

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Gandale
#77 Posted : 30 April 2014 23:51:51

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Brilliant Robin, simply brilliant..... An excellent description on how to modify and paint figures...... Love Love Love

Regards

Alan
Plymouth57
#78 Posted : 05 May 2014 20:38:19

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Many thanks indeed to Stevie, Alan, Martyn and Derek, Blushing not to mention my Poundshop reading glasses for that 'extreme vision'!BigGrin (I perch them over my prescription reading glasses - much lighter than the visor!)Cool

This week's instalment (and next week's too) will be slightly different to the usual routine as indicated below, so without further ado...



We are Fred Karno’s Army
Fred Karno’s our O.C.
Charlie Chaplin is our captain
What a funny lot are we.
And when we get to Berlin
The Kaiser, he will say
“Hoch, hoch, mein Gott!
What a funny bloody lot
Are the men of the RTC”


One version of Fred Karno’s Army.

A couple of notes: Fred Karno was a popular music hall comedian of the time and almost as famous (in this country) as Charlie Chaplin himself. The last line actually read “the men of the RFC” but this one’s for Stevie’s Grandad!

Part Twenty:
“On with the MkIV” Part One. (a)

A couple of changes to the normal diary routine! As I really got stuck in to this, the first MkIV, I found I was adding more and more to the basic kit the more I read and re-read the Haynes Manual on “The Great War Tank”. So much so in fact, that it was becoming almost a build diary of its own!
I had already decided to make this a two parter but even that was going to be packed with a great many photos and descriptions (so much is being added on!) so I have decided to split it down even further with two instalments each week instead of the usual one. I could have just made it a four week post instead, but I’m about half way through the build time now and there’s still a great deal to do (not to mention working out how I’m going to do it!) Blink
As before, the numbered black circles refer to the kit part numbers.
So here’s Part 1(a) which will encompass the redesigned petrol tank, some extra armour for her rear end, (always handy!) improving the kit 6pdrs and replacing the sponson lewis guns. Part 1(b) later this week will continue with the front hull lewis, the front towing hitch, upgrades to the sponson doors, rear horn brackets and the beginning of a new ‘spud box’ on the roof! Next weeks instalment will continue with a lot more frustratingly fiddly scratch building until 2nd Lt. Vans-Agnew’s tank, No. B24 “Rumblebelly” of B Battalion, 5 Company RTC is ready for her undercoat (which I still have to get!)
Where to start? Well, the obvious place was with the part I was going to change anyway, even before Stevie upped the game standards with his surgery on this one’s big brother! So Photo 1 features the kit petrol tank.
As I mentioned in the first part of the MkIV, Emhar somehow moulded this piece the wrong way round. They have the open side of the ‘box’ facing the hull of the tank which is fair enough, but if you stick it on that way the filler cap door is on the rear face when it should actually be on the top! The best solution to that was to simply make up a new bottom for the box from plasticard, stick it on the open side and once dry, sand the edges smooth and rotate the box by ninety degrees to bring the filler cover back up on top again. Photo 2 shows the plastic panel before gluing and Photo 3 illustrates the petrol tank in position between the rear horns. This photo also illustrates the first of the additions to the basic kit – extra armour plating. By the middle of 1917 when the MkIV was being introduced, the shortcomings of the original MkI were being rectified. As well as moving the petrol tank from the front interior (either side of the driver and commander, NOT a good idea!) to the rear exterior, it was also to receive additional armour plating. This particular sloping plate was fitted to cover the rear face of the petrol tank. I have a suspicion about this piece, it may be there to stop armour piercing rounds from puncturing the tank but I think that someone might have realised that armoured or not, having a red hot exhaust pipe pointing straight at the petrol tank might not have been ideal! This angled plate is just the job to deflect the hot gasses away from the box!
The armour was again made from plasticard with ‘rivets’ added by simply taking a slightly blunt darning needle and carefully giving the point a gentle tap into the back face of the panel with a lightweight jewellers hammer as seen in Photos 4 and 5.
In Photo 6, another piece of armour has been added above the petrol tank. It’s difficult to tell from the reference photos whether this was just bolted or actually hinged at the top, I have a feeling the holes are for filling up the radiator with water so more likely it was hinged for access. Also visible (and arrowed) in this photo are the easiest upgrades on the whole tank! The two little hatches which eventually end up inside the spud box should have little raised handles which the kit has simplified to a basic raised ridge. All this needed was to use the pin vice with a .25mm drill bit to place a hole at either end of the ridge and then bend a single strand of the .2mm wire into the handle shape. Slide them down to just above the correct height, add a drop of super glue with a cocktail stick and then push them down into position. If only the rest had been that easy!Blink
Photo 7 just shows one of the sponsons before gluing together, note the moulded in door, more on him later!
In Photo 8 we get to the ‘teeth’ of the male MkIV, the 6pdr QF Cannons. After reading Stevie’s experience with his 6pdrs I was all set to replace my barrels with brass or aluminium tubes too. I must admit that I didn’t really want to. There should be a slight thinning of the barrel diameter from breech to muzzle (although later marks of the MkIV and the MkV don’t always show this and their barrels appear a straight tube!) This was featured on the Emhar barrels but as it happened, I didn’t need to bother! Measuring the diameter for ‘roundness’, they were a mere hundredth of a mm out of true. That’s good enough for me!! In Photo 8, you can see the two guns being fitted up for their inner gun shields together with the two gun mountings. Note the top (and bottom) of the gun mounts are a solid plate, in the real tank this doesn’t exist and although it doesn’t matter for Rumblebelly, the twin halves of Iron Rations and Revenge will have to have this cut away. The plasticard gun shield is shown in Photo 9 and in the two other tanks, this is how it will be left but because of the gun mount excess plastic it was necessary to trim the ‘proper’ shields down to allow the guns to be trained slightly downwards for the diorama, aiming, as they will be, at the trenches! The final trimmed shields can be seen in Photo 10. Photo 11 beside it, (sorry it’s on its side, I couldn’t fit it in any other way!) shows the two sponson mounts, the bottom one with the extra shield and the kit version above with a dirty great gap for Jerry snipers to play with!. What I forgot to mention was that I was able to drill out the muzzles to create the effect of the barrel!
And finally to the Lewis guns. The kit part can be seen alongside the upgrade in Photo 15, it is just a simplified ‘stick’ moulded to the ball mount, or at least half a ball mount and pointing straight out from the hull. Like Stevie, I wanted a little more detail and also the ability to ‘aim’ the things for a little more relevance to the diorama situation. I started off trying a length of aluminium tube rescued from the old workroom and attempting to file it on the mini lathe. That went hopelessly wrong but then I found a length of copper tube the same diameter. God knows when or why I bought this but it was much easier to work with. Again the lathe was out and I ended up making the barrels the good old fashioned way as can be seen in Photo 12. You can just make out two pencil marks on the copper tube, the outer one is the point at which the barrel will be ‘chamfered’ off by diamond dust flat file into the reduced diameter muzzle and the inner mark is the final length of the whole barrel. In Photo 13, all three components of the Lewis barrel can be seen. The filed down copper tube, a 1mm brass rod also filed down to fit up the inner part of the tube and a 2mm black glass bead (50 for £1 from a local craft shop). The filed end of the brass rod was super glued into the end of the barrel and then the glass bead was inserted over the brass rod and slid down to the barrel where it too was super glued. Barrel number one is completed in Photo 14 with barrel number two underway beside it.
Finally, the mounting location for the kit part was drilled out and then counter sunk on the inside of the sponson until the glass bead could just sit in the ‘cup’ and be rotated around. Once I was sure it could move enough, the excess brass rod was snipped off and the barrel assembly stuck in place with superglue as seen again in Photo 15.
So that’s that for this first ‘half instalment’. In part 1b the front Lewis gun gets the same treatment (almost), the soldering iron get warmed up again and I fit some ‘posher’ doors with plasticard and copper tape. Oh, and there’s some fiddly brackets too!

Until then (should be about Thursday)Confused Happy Building to All!


Robin
Plymouth57 attached the following image(s):
Continuing the MkIV Pt 1 pic.JPG
Continuing the MkIV Pt 2 pic.JPG
First wooden ship: The Grimsby 12 Gun 'Frigate' by Constructo Second: Bounty DelPrado Part Works Third: HMS Victory DelPrado Part Works 1/100 scale
Diorama of the Battle of the Brandywine from the American Revolutionary War Diorama of the Battle of New Falkland (unfinished sci-fi), Great War Centenary Diorama of the Messines Ridge Assault
Index for the Victory diary is on page 1
jase
#79 Posted : 05 May 2014 21:12:21

Rank: Super-Elite

Publisher Medal: Featured Build of the MonthActive Service Medal: 500 post active service MedalPurple Medal: Super active service medal for 1000 postsTurquoise Medal: Turquoise Medal for model making know-how contributionOutstanding Build: An award for an outstanding buildBuild-Diary Medal: Build-Diary Medal of HonourRed Medal: Red Medal
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Joined: 21/03/2010
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just keeps getting better. looking forward to the finished buildCool
“Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect.”
-Mark Twain
GluedFingers
#80 Posted : 05 May 2014 21:18:23

Rank: Pro

Turquoise Medal: Turquoise Medal for model making know-how contributionBuild-Diary Medal: Build-Diary Medal of Honour
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Joined: 23/03/2014
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Points: 545
Location: Essex
Amazing, Robin. Absolutely amazing what you have created so far!

ThumpUpThumpUpThumpUp

Adrie
'Where to glue or where not to glue, that is the question'

Building: Hr. Ms. de Ruyter (card), Retourschip Batavia (Revell), HMS Surprise (De Agostini)
Built (and sunk): Too many to list
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